Quitting smoking is one of the most challenging health decisions, but also one of the most beneficial for the body. Tobacco dependence is largely linked to nicotine, a psychoactive substance that acts directly on the nervous system and causes an addiction phenomenon. To support smokers in this process, nicotine replacement therapies play a central role.
Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) are medications containing nicotine. Their purpose is to alleviate withdrawal symptoms experienced during smoking cessation. Since nicotine is the substance responsible for dependence, gradually reducing the amount administered each day helps limit the appearance of withdrawal symptoms such as nervousness, cravings, insomnia, or headaches.
Clinical studies show that the use of NRTs increases the chances of successful smoking cessation by 50% to 70% [1].
Nicotine replacement therapies come in different forms, each with administration methods adapted to the varied needs of individuals undergoing smoking cessation.
Transdermal devices containing nicotine are designed to deliver the active ingredient gradually and continuously through the skin. They are applied to a clean, dry area free of hair or skin lesions, such as the outer arm, shoulder blade, chest, or hip. Once applied, the patch releases nicotine over a period of 16 to 24 hours, depending on the type, allowing for stable blood nicotine levels. This steady delivery helps limit constant withdrawal symptoms, which are responsible for physical dependence.
The amount of nicotine delivered by the patch depends on its size and dosage, often available in multiple strengths (e.g., 7, 14, or 21 mg per day). The dosage choice is adapted to the level of dependence, generally assessed through questionnaires or the number of cigarettes smoked daily.
Daily application of the patch should be accompanied by rotation of the application sites to avoid local irritation. Treatment often begins with a high dose, followed by a gradual reduction over several weeks to support cessation until complete abstinence.
Nicotine gummies release nicotine quickly when chewed slowly. The user should chew gently until experiencing a strong taste or tingling sensation, then place the gummy between the cheek and gum to promote absorption for a few minutes without chewing. This chew-and-park method is repeated for about 30 minutes, optimizing nicotine absorption.
The dosage varies depending on the level of dependence and manufacturer recommendations. It is advised to follow a healthcare professional’s guidance to determine the appropriate dose and treatment duration.
Lozenges or sublingual tablets (to be placed under the tongue) contain nicotine that gradually diffuses in the mouth. They should be allowed to dissolve slowly without chewing or swallowing, allowing absorption through the oral mucosa. This form helps reduce smoking cravings in a discreet and controlled way, as part of a smoking cessation program.
The nicotine inhalator is an oral delivery device that allows nicotine absorption through the oral and pharyngeal mucosa during inhalation. Nicotine is delivered from a cartridge inserted into the device, and its use partially replicates the hand-to-mouth action associated with smoking.
The nicotine oral spray is an oral delivery method that allows rapid and localized release of nicotine on the oral mucosa. Each spray delivers a precise amount of active substance, ensuring quick absorption and a near-immediate effect. The effectiveness of the device depends on correct use, including avoiding food or drinks before and after application to maximize absorption through oral tissues.
Nicotine oral films are part of nicotine replacement therapies used to support smoking cessation. They are thin, soluble strips placed in the mouth that rapidly release nicotine, allowing efficient absorption through the oral mucosa. They provide a discreet and convenient alternative to relieve smoking cravings.
Continuous-release forms, such as patches, which provide a constant supply of nicotine to gradually reduce physical dependence.
Rapid-action forms, such as gummies, lozenges, sprays, and inhalators, which help effectively manage sudden and occasional cravings.
Nicotine replacement therapies are sometimes combined: patches provide continuous delivery and limit constant withdrawal, while oral and buccal forms handle peak cravings.
The choice of forms and dosages is made after evaluation by a healthcare professional, based on dependence, habits, and patient preferences. Medical or pharmaceutical follow-up is recommended to adjust the treatment so it is effective and well-tolerated.
Substitutes are used on average for 3 to 6 months, sometimes longer depending on the level of dependence. The benefits of quitting smoking are rapid and long-lasting. In less than 24 hours, the body eliminates carbon monoxide, improving oxygen transport in the blood. Within a few days, the senses of taste and smell regain sensitivity, breathing becomes easier, and energy increases. After a few months, coughing and shortness of breath decrease, and the skin regains its glow. Beyond one year of abstinence, the risk of heart attack is reduced by half, and the risk of stroke approaches that of a non-smoker. The risk of lung cancer also decreases significantly [2].
These improvements show how quitting smoking is beneficial, both in the short and long term.
Mental preparation and motivation are essential for successful cessation.
Identifying triggers and modifying smoking-related behaviors facilitates success.
Maintaining a balanced lifestyle and seeking appropriate follow-up are factors that support perseverance.
Professional healthcare support can help tailor the approach to the individual’s needs.
In France, the national campaign “Mois sans tabac”, organized every November since 2016 by Santé Publique France and Assurance Maladie, encourages smokers to take on the challenge of quitting for 30 days. This first milestone increases the chances of permanent cessation fivefold, contributing to improved public health [3].
To support participants, practical tools (mobile app, kit, helpline) and medical guidance are offered. Since its creation, nearly 1.5 million people have participated in the “Mois sans tabac” campaign, with over 134,000 registrations in 2024 [4]. This initiative highlights the key role of public health campaigns in the fight against smoking.
As a player in pharmaceutical development, AdhexPharma supports innovative patient solutions and assists its partners in developing suitable delivery technologies, such as transdermal patches and oral films. These formats provide effective ways to meet accessibility, ease of use, and safety needs in smoking cessation.
References
[1] “Smoking Cessation: How Nicotine Replacement Therapies Are Covered?” Accessed: September 25, 2025. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ameli.fr/assure/remboursements/rembourse/medicaments-vaccins-dispositifs-medicaux/prise-charge-substituts-nicotiniques
[2] “Prepare for ‘Mois sans tabac’ with Tools to Take on the Challenge!” Accessed: October 2, 2025. [Online]. Available at: https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/actualites/A15291
[3] “Mois sans tabac | Ligue contre le cancer.” Accessed: October 9, 2025. [Online]. Available at: https://www.ligue-cancer.net/mois-sans-tabac
[4] A. Morghad, “Mois sans tabac 2024: Review of the 9th Edition,” Fédération Addiction. Accessed: October 2, 2025. [Online]. Available at: https://www.federationaddiction.fr/actualites/substances/tabac/mois-sans-tabac-2024-le-bilan-de-la-9e-edition/